Ahmad Shamloo is one of the most influential figures in modern Persian poetry and a prominent representative of social symbolism. In his poetry he frequently employs natural elements and phenomena as personal symbols. Among these elements, water and wind appear as two of the most recurrent symbolic images in his poems. This study aims to analyze Shamloo’s symbolic approach by examining examples of the use of these two symbols in his poetry. The research is based on Michael Riffaterre’s theory of the semiotics of poetry and seeks to answer the following question: according to the processes of accumulation and the descriptive system in Riffaterre’s theory, how are the symbols of water and wind represented in Shamloo’s poetry? The findings show that these two natural symbols in Shamloo’s poetry carry dual and sometimes contradictory meanings. According to the process of accumulation, when water is used as a symbol of life and existence it is accompanied by words such as man, fire, tree, and sun that form a network of associated meanings. Similarly, when wind is used to convey the ideas of hope and movement it is associated with positive words such as garden, ivy, flower, dance, and laughter. In contrast, when wind symbolizes oppression and suffocation it appears alongside negative words such as night, sleep, fire, acid, scream, claw, fear, despair, glare, and hostility.