Abstract
Symbolism is one of the literary schools of the 19th century founded by Charles Baudelaire. Social symbolism, along with Iranian innovation and far from superficial adaptation and imitation, first appeared in the poetry of Nima Yushij, and was able to interpret political and social realities through personal “Symbolism and sociality” are the two main characteristics of Persian social symbolism poetry. The poet uses poetic images to express social realities. After the changes in the intellectual and formal structures of poetry, social symbolism was able to manifest itself in the context of contemporary poetry as a haven for the nation’s problems and sufferings. The purpose and background of the research, considering the extensive reflection of social symbolism in the poems of Houshang Ebtehaj “Sayeh” and Mohammad Reza Shafi’i Kadkani “M. "Sershak" and the proximity of their poetry from the perspective of origin, intellectual and linguistic system, and their attitude towards the symbolism of nature, in order to express social reflections, was conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner based on library statistical data and examined the socially received interpretations related to social symbols in their poems. According to the research findings, Houshang Ebtehaj and Shafi'i Kadkani have used ancient symbols, gardens, houses, and forests in addressing concepts such as homeland, and national spirit, patriotism, expression of civil and social freedoms, seeking justice, and citizenship rights are prevalent in their poems; and to express concepts such as despair and hope, oppression and suffocation, and social inequalities, their use of innovative and new symbols is not the same, and among them, "M.Sershak" is more important, and birds and trees have a higher frequency in symbolism. The result shows that both poets, in their thinking and expression of social themes, paid special attention to fundamental principles of Persian social symbolism, namely symbolism and sociality.