نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
E. M. Forster's Aspects of the Novel, with its concepts of flat and round characters, causal plot, and pattern and rhythm, remains one of the most influential works in the field of structural analysis of the novel. The central question of this study is the analysis of Gholamhossein Saedi's The Mourners of Bayal based on Forster's concepts of character and plot. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this research examines the characters and the formation of the narrative structure. Findings reveal that the characters are predominantly flat, definable in single sentences — the mad, the hungry, the sick, and the dying. This collective flatness represents a fragmented and hopeless world. The plot is not built upon a coherent causal chain but upon scattered and incomplete episodes, creating an anti-plot that conveys disintegration rather than cohesion. The study concludes that Forster's concepts can be critically applied even to works that deliberately resist them, and that the flat characterization and anti-plot structure in The Mourners of Bayal function not as weaknesses, but as the very form of poverty and collapse.
کلیدواژهها English
